Exosome-Based Theranostic for Gastrointestinal Cancer: Advances in Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Engineering.

Summary: Tiny biological bubbles called exosomes are revolutionizing the fight against stomach and gut cancers. These microscopic carriers naturally transport messages between cells. Scientists have discovered how to use them in two powerful ways: first, as "early warning systems" to detect cancer sooner by reading their cargo; and second, as delivery trucks to transport drugs directly to tumors. This dual approach, known as "theranostics," promises to overcome drug resistance and stop cancer from spreading, offering new hope where traditional treatments struggle.