Microneedle electrodes: materials, fabrication methods, and electrophysiological signal monitoring-narrative review.

Summary: Imagine a medical sticker that listens to your body more clearly than the cold, sticky pads used today. Scientists are reviewing flexible "microneedle" electrodes—tiny, painless spikes that gently rest in the skin to capture heart and brain signals without messy gels. These devices promise earlier disease detection and greater comfort for patients. However, while the technology works well in small tests, we still need large-scale trials before these advanced sensors become a standard part of your doctor's visit.