Over-the-counter ibuprofen and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding complications: a systematic literature review.

Summary: Millions of people rely on over-the-counter (OTC) ibuprofen for pain relief, but many worry about the potential for stomach bleeding. A comprehensive review of 20 scientific studies found that when taken at standard OTC doses (under 1200 mg per day), the risk of serious gastrointestinal bleeding is actually very low—less than 0.2% of users require hospitalization. However, the risk is not zero; compared to taking nothing, the likelihood of bleeding is slightly higher, particularly for older adults or those taking other medications. While generally safe, it pays to be cautious.