What Are Bipolar Disorders?

Summary: Bipolar disorders are mental health conditions that cause intense changes in a person's mood, energy, and ability to get through the day. Unlike normal mood swings that last a few hours, bipolar "mood episodes" last for days or weeks and can seriously disrupt relationships, school, or work.

There are three main types:

• Bipolar I: Involves severe highs (mania) where a person might need almost no sleep, have racing thoughts, and make risky choices.
• Bipolar II: Involves milder highs (hypomania) and severe lows (depression). Because hypomania can actually make you feel super productive and happy, many people only go to the doctor when they hit a depressive low.
• Cyclothymic Disorder: Involves milder, but much more frequent, emotional ups and downs.

Bipolar disorder often runs in families and usually shows up in a person's mid-20s. Stress, lack of sleep, or substance use can trigger these episodes. The good news is that it is highly treatable! With the right mix of mood-stabilizing medications and talk therapy, people with bipolar disorder can balance their moods and lead full, productive lives.

For more details, see rssapp-psychiatry-org-newsroom at psychiatry.org/patients-families/bipolar-disorders/what-are-bipolar-disorders (opens in new tab)